氣候變遷中的滅絕

陳玉峯

阿里山森林遊樂區，正在上演氣候變遷的大滅絕現象已近尾聲，遊客不知道，主管當局在睡覺，國家龐多研究計劃很安靜，但不知有誰瞭解國土鉅大變遷的實際內涵？大約明年以降，前往阿里山的人，再也看不見過往檜木林下，密密麻麻的玉山箭竹了！

這是天大的訊息，已經進行了至少11年以上了

《自然平權宣言 中英對照版：Declaration of the Equal Rights of Nature》

Declaration of the Equal Rights of Nature

自然平權宣言

Based on land culture, nature ethics and world religious care, to aim to restore the ecosystem in Taiwan, to conserve genetic stock, to prevent environmental and biological disaster, to reflect civilization and culture, to reveal a view of all beings with equal rights, in the change of the century, upon human conscience, we declare the Equal Rights of Nature.

基於土地文化、自然倫理以及世界宗教的終極關懷，為復育台灣自然生態體系、保育天然基因庫、防治環境及生物性災變、深沈反省文明與文化，並揭櫫生界萬物平權觀，在此世紀交替之際，奉人類時代的良知，我們宣示「自然平權宣言」

We acknowledge:

我們認知：

1.All beings are unique and irreplaceable in universe, representing the fundamental principle of the equal rights of nature.

任何生命體皆為宇宙的唯一且無可替代，此為自然平權的根本原則。

2.Difference of life is naturally good. Each being and its group has the given right to survival to maintain and enhance difference of nature.

生命歧異度本身即為善，任何生命個體及其族群擁有維持及增進其自然歧異度的天賦生存權。

3.All beings are closely interrelated to one another and the environment; hence, the whole is always greater than the total of the parts. Humans are still ignorant of this full knowledge, and have yet to learn from nature.

生命與生命、生命與環境之間皆為密不可分的關係網，更且，整體永遠大於部分的總和，人類對此全知識仍屬無知，有待謙虛的向自然學習。

4.Any process of life is irreversible, as tiny as particles of nature, as tremendous as changes on Earth; each being forms and develops with irreversible transition. Furthermore, the changes are the ultimate principle of life. The general tendency of life's evolution is to probe the intrinsic value.

任何生命過程皆為不可逆，小至個體發生、發育，大至地球變遷，無有任何生命過程可資重覆，更且，此一流變的道理即生命的終極道理，生命演化的趨勢即在於探究此一本質性的究竟之道。

5.There are far and near, intimate and distant relations with all beings within human nature. The interdependence in time and space pinpoints human values hidden deep in collective memory, and is to be reached upon self reflection.

人類天性中存有與任何地球上其他生命之遠、近、親、疏的關係，此等時空網的依存關係，正是人類價值之所在，它存在於深邃的心靈記憶，有待內省而開發。

We proclaim:

我們主張：

1.Apart from the food chain and the natural law governing all species; no beings have the right to control other lives, to impose slavery and suffering upon them, and to manipulate their lives and deaths. All beings have their own autonomies, to survive in the course of complex evolution.

除了自然律食物鏈的運作原則之外，任何生命不得對其他生命擁有宰 制、奴役、虐待、操控生死的權力；萬物各有自主性，依演化複雜洪流，各自逕行其生存策略。

2.We recognize that all beings have the right to the use and the preservation of natural resources. Humans shall set up environmental limits in land use planning for offspring. The perfection of “the use right of natural resources for offspring” requires not only to legislate national laws but also to form international alliances for the purpose of enforcement.

承認任何生物對地球資源的使用及保育權。人類必須在國土規劃中制訂特定比例的下限，保留給後代生命，圓滿「後代生命資源使用的選擇權」，不僅在國內制訂於法規，更須推展國際結盟與執行。

3.Taiwan is in urgent need of assessing resilience for the ecosystem and establishing population and natural carrying capacity in sustainable development. Any species shall be conserved.

台灣亟須依據自然維生生態系健全運作的下限，制訂人口及資源使用的適度承載量，且為任何自然生命設立保育區。

4.It is mandatory to frame ecological restoration policy regarding the destructed environment and native ecosystem. Restoration shall follow the rule of natural succession, to build a grand national territory and a beautiful homeland.

關於已經遭受開發、破壞的台灣原生生態系，必須規劃天然復育之措施，復育則遵循自然演替法則而進行，成就莊嚴國土及美麗家園。

5.We shall further learn from nature and develop local cultural awareness to integrate and promote the long-term goal of a global life community.

Henceforward we will incorporate spiritual guidance and reality wisdom. We will achieve this integration through recognition of beings on the soil, social and humanitarian care, knowledge of science, art of life, education of awareness, humanity and equal rights. We will enhance environmental protection, forest surveillance, essential cultivation of land ethics and natural awareness. The above are the good roots to disseminate the idea of “biological center” and put it into practice in Taiwan, and yet, for universal beings.

No matter what we encounter and what circumstances we are under, may we have the insights and the intelligence to devote ourselves to the virtues and the righteous thoughts to come. May we see the existing evil and wrongdoings through the eyes of compassion to make a wise response by means of laws.

今後我們將以出世的超然、入世的精進，從認知土地生界到社會人文關懷，從科學知識、生活藝術到覺知教育，從人性、人道到眾生平權，奠定環境守望、山林監測、土地倫理與自然情操的基本涵養，並且以此善根，為台灣土地、全球生靈，傳播「生態中心」的理念與實踐。無論何時、何地、何事、何物之境遇，期待得以具備高度的內觀智能，看得見這社會尚未存在的善與是，且竭盡心力促成美夢成真；慈眼透視這社會既存的惡與非，且以善巧方便如法力挽狂瀾。

陳玉峰 1996；柯雅媚，2015英譯

【朋友！】

活了這麼一大把年歲了，我一樣在質疑從小到今，生命一切的內容或意義，而且愈是大家習以為常、理所當然的東西，我愈是困惑。我學習愈多愈沒學問、愈無知。然而，我看到大部分的生命好像愈活愈武斷，愈是接近生命尾端的人，愈是會拿一大堆自欺欺人的東西來自我安慰，例如社會地位、名望、財富，或者所謂的成就，等等。當然，某種程度以上我尊重，且相信每位有所成就的人，絕對值得尊敬，其在社會上也都普遍受肯定，但我談的是一種人對內在的自己、人與神、人與宇宙、人與靈魂的關係。

如同生物學的大原則之一：一個個體的資源、能源，不可能被另一個體所使用，除非他吃掉了他。心性、智慧也一樣，每個人只能自做自受、自己承擔，沒有轉換器，更沒有秤斤論兩的贖罪券、福德或功德可交換。

【新書快訊】《廣播側寫》的側寫

您 有過這種經驗嗎？第一次讀完一本書似懂非懂，遂再讀一次，然後發現：蝦毀，不懂的地方怎麼變更多了……！

【急診室內】

生平首度進了急診室，原因不光彩，因我涉嫌以兩隻腳，大型哺乳類動物的身分，被6隻腳的迷你昆蟲擊倒，枉費我四十年山林行，跟自然界無數野生物纏鬥的內力，瞬間破功！更慘的是，「羞辱」才正要開始。

被問過呈堂證供後，右手腕被綁緊一片狗名牌，然後發配作系列檢查。

照完X光，轉心電圖。護士小姐要我躺下來，她在一台像收銀機的箱子拉出多條線，端點貼在我額鬢、胸口、腳踝上……

「聽說你去台南O大上課喔？！我是台南人，我媽曾去OO醫院，我很討厭那家醫院喔！……」怪怪，這是哪門子話匣？我問：「理由？」

【兼課】

：P_吳欣芸繪

先前在東海大學每學期都兼了一門課。去年我去成功大學專任，人事室一年至少發了5次以上的電子信，警告專任老師除非有特別理由，且必須事前報校長室核准，否則，不得校外兼課；否則，議處。

上學期東海通識還是要我兼一門，我說請你們去函成大